A study of mathematics education from early 19th century America to the present focusing on forces that connected mathematics, psychology, psychometrics, sociology, and technology.

An advanced seminar focusing on current critical research issues in mathematics education, the way research impacts education policies and practices, various methodological pursuits of researchers, and theory building.

Research in special topics of Spanish and Spanish American literature for majors during the senior year. May be repeated to a maximum of two credits.

A one credit course that may or may not run concurrently with the 553 course on Spanish Pedagogy. Seminar topics may include an overview of second language acquisition theories as applicable to English learners of Spanish: contemporary teaching methodologies for instructors of Spanish language, integration of technology into curriculum; issues in testing and assessment. May be repeated to a maximum of 3 credits when taught under different subtitles.

Readings and discussion of Spanish literature and culture from the 16th and 17th centuries. May be repeated to a maximum of 9 credits when taught under different subtitles.

Analyzes the complex interaction of structural, social, and cultural factors in the evolution of the Romance Languages. Provides insights into which language features can be considered typically Romance, and how far languages can diverge from these typical patterns and still be considered of the same language type.

Readings and discussion of 19th century Latin American literature and culture. May be repeated to a maximum of 9 credits when taught under different subtitles.

Graphical and tabular description of data; measures of central tendency and variation, scattergrams, correlation and best-fitting lines; index numbers. Prereq: MA 113, MA 123, or equivalent.

Experiments and sample spaces; elementary and conditional probability; counting principles; random variables; distribution and expectation; normal and binomial distributions.

Sampling; sampling behavior of X and S2; confidence intervals and tests of hypotheses about the mean and variance of a normal population: the X2 and t- distributions.