May be repeated indefinitely.

A discussion-based course for physiology graduate students and other advanced students interested in physiology. The students learn how to understand and critique research papers and how to review a research manuscript. The full potential of the course is realized in conjunction with the Physiology Seminar Series, because the material of the course prepares the students for these Seminars. Students are encouraged to participate until they are heavily involved in their research project.

May be repeated to a maximum of 15 credits.

With the advice and approval of his or her faculty adviser, the first- year student may choose approved electives offered by the Department of Physiology and Biophysics. The intent is to provide the student an opportunity for exploration and study in an area which supplements and/or complements required course work in the first-year curriculum. PASS-FAIL ONLY.

With the advice and approval of his or her faculty adviser, the second- year student may choose approved electives offered by the Department of Physiology and Biophysics. The intent is to provide the student an opportunity for exploration and study in an area which supplements and/or complements required course work in the second-year curriculum. PASS-FAIL ONLY.

This course is designed to provide medical students an opportunity to pursue a physiological research experience concentrating on one of the various organ systems of the human body. Regardless of the organ system of choice, experimental design, data collection and data analysis will be stressed. Laboratory, 40 hours per week.

This course will give students the needed background to understand how drugs impact human health and guide their appropriate use. Lectures will focus on how drugs function, how they impact our lives, and how new targets for drugs are discovered. This course will provide a history of drug development, design, and drug discovery, and examine the uses and actions of commonly prescribed and over-the-counter drugs. This course will also cover drugs of abuse and those used in sports and performance enhancement.

Pharmacology of Treating Human Disease: This course will provide students with a fundamental understanding of the actions of drugs most commonly used in the treatment of major human diseases, drugs of abuse and those used in sports to enhance performance. This course is geared toward the pre-professional and others interested in a career in health care and research.

PHA 617 emphasizes genomics and bioinformatics approaches that are increasingly important in broad areas of biomedical science. These tools allow us to work with large data sets, analyze the transcriptomes of single cells and whole tissues, visualize data in sophisticated ways, do rigorous experimental design, and perform proper statistical procedures for these types of data. This is a hands-on, experiential course. It includes some lecture material but the emphasis is on computer exercises allowing students to learn tools by using them.

PHA 622 is an advanced course designed to provide graduate students with state of the art information regarding drugs, drug action and targets for drug action. Emphasis will be placed on drugs that interact with the cardiovascular system (PHA 622 section 001), the central nervous system (PHA 622 section 002), chemotherapeutic agents (PHA 622 section 003) and other important drug classes such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, steroid hormones, antidiabetic agents and toxicology (PHA 622 section 004). Each section is designed to be a separate one hour course.