Basic principles of laser action; atomic transitions; population inversion; two and three level systems; optical resonators; pumping methods; applications.

Zero and first order hold, theory of analog to digital and digital to analog conversion. Z-transform analysis, discrete state variable analysis, discrete estimation techniques, error analysis of discrete systems.

A multidisciplinary approach combining engineering principles for systems analysis and control, knowledge of biological control mechanisms, and computational properties of biological neural networks in the development of engineering neural networks for control applications. Topics include: equivalent circuit models for biological neurons and networks, non-linear differential equation representations, biological control strategies for rhythmic movements, design and development of controller for robot function, proposal development and presentation.

A study of hardware description languages including netlists, VHDL and Verilog; their use in digital design methodologies including modeling techniques, design verification , simulation, synthesis, and implementation in programmable and fabricated logic media. Programmable logic topics include CPLD and FPGA architectures, programming technologies and techniques.

Introduction to the design and layout of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) Circuits for complex digital systems; fundamentals of the VLSI fabrication process; and introduction to VLSI testing and structured design for testability techniques.

An advanced course in the design of embedded systems using state-of-the- art microcontroller hardware and software development tools. Topics include architectural support for real-time operating systems, language support for embedded and real-time processing, embedded and wireless networking.

For electrical engineers. A problem, approved by the chairperson of the department, provides an objective for study and research. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

A detailed investigation of a topic of current significance in electrical engineering such as biomedical instrumentation, digital filter design, active networks, advanced electrical devices, digital communications, display of electronics. May be repeated, but only three credits can be earned under the same title. Only nine credit hours may count toward degree requirements. A particular topic may be offered at most twice under the EE 599 number.

The need to increase quality, productivity, efficiency and sustainability in manufacturing operations spanning the product, process and systems (manufacturing systems as well as supply chain) domains is essential for companies to be successful. The increased globalization of markets and manufacturing operations, declining natural resources and negative consequences of some manufacturing practices as well as increased legislation in many regions has led to many new challenges that companies must overcome to be successful in competitive markets.

Solution methods for applied electrodynamics problems; uniqueness, equivalence, duality, reciprocity; linear space methods; wave solutions in separable coordinate systems; classical problems in cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates.