May be repeated to a maximum of 15 credits.

May be repeated to a maximum of 15 credits.

With the advice and approval of his or her faculty adviser, the first- year student may choose approved electives offered by the Department of Physiology and Biophysics. The intent is to provide the student an opportunity for exploration and study in an area which supplements and/or complements required course work in the first-year curriculum. PASS-FAIL ONLY.

With the advice and approval of his or her faculty adviser, the second- year student may choose approved electives offered by the Department of Physiology and Biophysics. The intent is to provide the student an opportunity for exploration and study in an area which supplements and/or complements required course work in the second-year curriculum. PASS-FAIL ONLY.

This course is designed to provide medical students an opportunity to pursue a physiological research experience concentrating on one of the various organ systems of the human body. Regardless of the organ system of choice, experimental design, data collection and data analysis will be stressed. Laboratory, 40 hours per week.

This course is designed to provide medical students an opportunity to pursue a physiological research experience concentrating on one of the various organ systems of the human body. Regardless of the organ system of choice, experimental design, data collection and data analysis will be stressed. Laboratory, 40 hours per week.

PHA 421G is a 3 credit course designed to first introduce students to the basic principles of modern pharmacology, and then have them apply those principles to current issues of both drug therapy of human disease and drug abuse. The goal of this course is to prepare students with the knowledge base to explore career options in medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, or graduate school.

This course will provide students with a fundamental understanding of the adverse effects of drugs and other substances that may be harmful to human health as well as the approaches that are used to ensure drug safety. This course is geared toward the pre-professional student and others interested in a career in health care and research.

PHA 424G is a 3-credit course designed to give students a fundamental understanding of the drugs that control the human endocrine system and reproduction and the mechanism by which they exert their actions. The goal of this course is to prepare students with the knowledge base that will allow them to explore career options in medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, graduate school and pharmaceutical sciences.

PHA 425G is a 3-credit course designed to give students a fundamental understanding of the drugs that exert neuronal control in the human and the mechanism by which they exert their actions. The goal of this course is to prepare students with the knowledge base that will allow them to explore career options in medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, graduate school and pharmaceutical sciences.