"Reformation Europe" is an overview the religious, political, and social changes that we call the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. We will examine the late medieval religious scene and the theological breakthrough of Martin Luther. We will see how Luther developed his ideas, and how his ideas spread into European society, meeting both welcome and resistance. The interplay between ideas, rituals, and community, and how these worked together to create religious and social change, will be examined. We will also study alternative strains of Protestantism and the Catholic responses.

Under special conditions selected students may investigate problems with weekly reports to the in- structor. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

Under special conditions selected students may investigate problems with weekly reports to the in- structor. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

Under special conditions selected students may investigate problems with weekly reports to the in- structor. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

Under special conditions selected students may investigate problems with weekly reports to the in- structor. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

Under special conditions selected students may investigate problems with weekly reports to the in- structor. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

Under special conditions selected students may investigate problems with weekly reports to the in- structor. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

Under special conditions selected students may investigate problems with weekly reports to the in- structor. May be repeated to a maximum of six credits.

As historian Deborah Gray White has noted, "The uniqueness of the African American female's situation is that she stands at the crossroads of two of the most well-developed ideologies in America, that regarding women and that regarding the Negro." In that regard, black women's history offers a lens into racism and sexism in America, but also resistance to such oppression.

A study of the transformation of the U.S. from an agrariam society into an industrial nation covering the years from the Gilded Age to the American entry into World War I. This course emphasizes the growth of corporate capitalism, the emergence of modern politi- cal institutions, and the development of modern Amer- ican foreign policy. It also explores how various Americans--workers, farmers, immigrants, women--re- sponded to and were affected by industrialization.