Dr. Zhoudunming (Kong) Tu, Brookhaven National Laboratory

Title: Exciting the Entangled Vacuum - A New Era in Understanding Visible Matter

Abstract: Not until quite recently was the vacuum recognized as anything more than empty space. Today, we understand it as a dynamic medium, filled with fluctuating fields and virtual particle pairs that shape the very structure of our universe. These invisible pairs break a fundamental symmetry of nature—chiral symmetry—and are thought to generate more than 99% of the mass of the visible universe. Yet, how this hidden mechanism connects to the confinement of quarks inside protons, neutrons, and other particles remains one of the deepest unsolved problems in physics.

In this talk, I will present new insights into this question using high-energy particle collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Such collisions can briefly liberate the virtual quark–antiquark pairs of the vacuum, which then bind together into hadrons such as Λ hyperons. Recent results from these studies open an experimental window into the quantum structure of the vacuum, with far-reaching implications for our understanding of mass, matter, and the strong force described by Quantum Chromodynamics.