This 12-month course continues to build on the formative skills learned in the first year END 735 course to bring the student to mastery levels of critical review of the scientific literature. This course will provide a more comprehensive and deeper review of current and historical journal literature that pertains to the scientific basis for endodontic procedures, materials and techniques currently being used in the clinical practice of endodontics. Residents will discuss and critically evaluate at higher levels the content of the reviewed literature, reinforcing the need for updating literature to keep up with the latest changes in endodontics.