Student laboratories will focus on semen analysis, sperm function tests, and preparation of partner and donor semen for artificial insemination. Advanced andrology procedures, including the sperm penetration assay and the hemi-zona assay, will be discussed and protocols provided. Reproductive Immunology: Students will perform procedures for detecting anitisperm antibodies in semen and in serum. Sperm- cervical mucus testing and cross-testing will be performed using controlled donor semen and bovine cervical mucus. Reproductive Microbiology: Organisms associated with sexually transmitted diseases, infertility, and reproductive failure will be demonstrated with representative demonstrations consisting of: stained slide of bacteria, fungi and parasites and electron micrographs of viruses; organisms on appropriate culture media; examples of testing for identification. Students will use data from the demonstrations to develop summaries for the correct isolation and identification of these organisms.