This course introduces the broad impact of small-scale biological and synthetic structures and resulting miniature technologies on the biological, medical, and environmental fields, focusing on interfaces and devices. It will discuss the fundamental science behind the technologies, highlighting the advantages that result at the micro- and nanoscale (e.g. mass and energy transport). In particular, medical (diagnostic and therapeutic devices) and environmental applications will be examined, with several examples of micro- and nanoscale systems exhibiting enhanced properties highlighted. The student will be introduced to the fundamental science, the cutting-edge research activities, and the current commercially available technologies.